![]() Ipuwer 7:5-Behold, Egypt is fallen to the pouring of water. The water which you take from the river will become blood on the dry land.” Please note some of the ways in which the Ipuwer Papyrus confirms the biblical narrative:Įxodus 4:9-And it shall be, if they do not believe even these two signs, or listen to your voice, that you shall take water from the river and pour it on the dry land. Holden & Norman Geisler, The Popular Handbook Of Archaeology And The Bible: Discoveries That Confirm The Reliability of Scripture, 2555-2568 (Kindle Edition) Eugene, Oregon Harvest House Publishers). A simple comparison of the content in both the book of Exodus and the Ipuwer papyrus leaves little doubt to their similarities (see table below).” (Joseph M. There is no scientific, linguistic, or historical fact that Egyptologists can point to that would decisively preclude the content of the papyrus being a lament over the Exodus plagues. The hieratic script style was in use at that time period, the events described are remarkably similar to the plagues, the location of the events (Egypt) matches the setting of the Exodus, and the odds of all these calamities occurring at the same time make them more than coincidental. The date of the Ipuwer manuscript approximately fits the Exodus date. His astonishing description of the conditions, to the surprise of Egyptologists, appeared remarkably similar to the biblical account of the ten plagues recorded in the book of Exodus. Its contents are widely regarded by Egyptologists as a lamentation over the catastrophic conditions in Egypt written by a high Egyptian official named Ipuwer sometime prior to the thirteenth century BC (which is consistent with either an early or late chronology for the Exodus).* Ipuwer was known as one of the great wise sages in Egyptian tian history. Currently, the document is stored at the National Museum of Antiquities in the Netherlands. In addition, there have been many later full translations made, including an Oxford edition (2009). No one realized the exact significance of the contents of the document until the first full translation was done in 1909 by a British Egyptologist, Alan H.Gardiner, under the title The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage from a Hieratic Papyrus in Leiden. The papyrus was obtained by Swedish diplomat, Giovanni Anastasi, and sold to the Leiden Museum in Holland in 1828. For example, one of the most well-known documents in Egyptology is the Ipuwer papyrus (officially known as Papyrus Leiden 344), which records an account remarkably similar to the plagues described in the book of Exodus. This thinking is based on the biblical testimony, Egyptian extrabiblical sources, and archaeological excavation in Egypt and neighboring regions. “Though the evidence for the Exodus has been slow to be gathered, there is good reason to believe that it actually occurred as described in the Bible. Amazingly, there is an ancient Egyptian historical document which kept record of these plagues, known as the Ipuwer Papyrus. Scripture teaches us about the ten plagues that God brought upon the Egyptians when they refused to release the Hebrews from slavery. ![]() For an example, consider the famous Ipuwer Papyrus. Leave aside the HUGE problems with dating ancient sources, this only suggests that Exodus was written later and is describing the same events as the Ipuwer Papyrus.The study of archaeology continually confirms what the Bible teaches. ![]() the Book of Exodus is describing events that happened earlier? So what?Įxodus is traditionally ascribed to Moses, but secular scholars claim that our current rendition of Exodus is a product of the later Babylonian exile. The Ipuwer papyrus is dated earlier than the Book of Exodus. In fact, Egyptians always identified their Semitic slaves as 'foreigners,' and ancient sources do not always follow a strict chronology.Ģ. The Book of Genesis mentions Israelites 'entering' Egypt under Joseph the Patriarch. The Ipuwer papyrus refers to slaves 'entering' Egypt rather than 'exiting' it. He has three basic claims (with my rejoinders):ġ. The secular historian's claims to 'debunk' the link between Exodus and the Ipuwer papyrus are ridiculous. I have some knowledge of ancient sources.
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